Methotrexate belongs to the group of antimetabolites with cytostatic activity. It inhibits the conversion of dihydrofolic acid into tetrahydrofolic acid. Thymidylic acid and purine synthesis are disrupted, which, in turn, suppresses DNA synthesis and cell division. The maximum absorption of the medicine is observed after 30 to 60 minutes. The drug is metabolized by enzymes of the intestinal microflora, hepatocytes, and other cells.
Methotrexate
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The pills are a component of the group of antimetabolites with cytostatic activity. They reduce the change of dihydrofolic acid in tetrahydrofolic acid.
Product Description
There are changes in Timpilo acid and purine, which in turn changes the connection of DNA and division of cells, the connection of RNA and protein. The peculiarity of the drug is in the s-phase of the cell cycle. The most sensitive to the drug are tissues with high proliferative potential (tumor tissue, bone marrow, epithelial cells, and fetal cells).
After 30 to 60 minutes, administration to the muscle has the highest concentration. The drug is well dispersed in body tissues, as well as in ascitic and pleural fluids. The kidney tissue is determined in several weeks and the tissues of the liver, for three months. When the pills are used in medium amounts, they do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It is metabolized by enzymes of the intestinal microflora, hepatocytes and other cells with the formation of active metabolite – pollutant (inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and timdelaghetto).
The terminal half-life time is dose-dependent and lasts from three to ten hours and eight to fifteen hours when using small and large doses of the drug. 90% of the received dose comes out with urine in its present form by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion and only ten percent – within 24 hours with bile (followed by reabsorption in the intestine).
The components mostly come out with urine and its characteristics do not change. When the activity of kidney function is impaired, the elimination of methotrexate decreases speed, while its concentration in the blood plasma increases. The components could be released into breast milk.
Safety information
The pills cannot be combined with strong oxidants and acids. If they are mixed with chlorpromazine hydrochloride, droperidol, metoclopramide hydrochloride, heparin solution, prednisolone sodium phosphate and hydrochloride promethazine it would be possible to obtain its turbidity or precipitate formation.
The amount is calculated according to the weight of the person or the surface area of the skin. The tablets are effective in case of a large number of cancers as a monotherapy, and in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.
Side Effects
The pills have a negative impact on the blood system: it inhibits bone marrow function (as a result it leads to infection, sepsis, bleeding), thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, and hematoma. In the digestive system, there are such problems as gingivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis, nausea may appear, and the patient often goes to the toilet experiencing stomach disorders. Sometimes people taking this drug feel a violation of liver function. There a liver dystrophy, erosive and ulcerative disorders of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, and a liver failure may happen.
As for disorders in the nervous system, a person has a headache, dizziness, vision impairment, hemiparesis, seizures. After intrathecal administration, the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid increases. In the genitourinary system: a person starts to suffer from cystitis, azotemia, hematuria, women have the menstrual disorder, infertility, vaginal, spontaneous abortion, teratogenic effect, decreased libido, impotence, ovogenesis, spermatogenesis. Pills can lead to negative consequences of the skin such as rash, skin can itch, acne, furunculosis develops. Sometimes there is a Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Clozaril - atypical antipsychotic medicine. Blocks dopamine receptors of CNS and interferes dopamine transfer in basal gangliya and in limbic part of neoncephalon. It is taken at Hypersensitivity, diseases of hemopoietic system (including in anamnesis), alcoholic and toxic psychosis, myasthenia, comas.
Accupril, which is quinapril, medication with hypotensive, natriuretic, cardio-protecting effect and vasodilating properties. It is used in case of an arterial hypertension (mono- or combined therapy), heart failure (combined therapy).
Promethazine reduces the permeability of capillaries, swelling of the mucous membranes, itching. Has adrenolytic, moderate peripheral and central cholinolytic action. Inhibits histamine-N-methyltransferase, blocks central histamine H3 receptors. Oppresses the central nervous system, has a sedative, anxiolytic, antipsychotic and hypnotic effect, lowers body temperature. Reduces the excitability of the vestibular receptors, eliminates dizziness. Has antiemetic effect.
is given to patients for treating severe acne that do not respond to other medicines
Aristocort - glucocorticoid drug (the adrenal hormone influencing carbohydrate and protein metabolism). Renders prominent antiinflammatory, antiallergic and immunodepressive (suppressing immunity - body defences of an organism) effect. It is prescribed at rheumatism, allergic reactions, multiform erythema (variously proceeding skin disease which occurs with rubefaction of affected area of skin), pseudorheumatism (the infectious and allergic disease from a group of collagenoses which is characterized by chronic progressing inflammation of joints); systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagenoses.
Eskalith - mood stabilizing agent (normalizes a mental state, without causing the general block), renders also antidepressive, sedative and anti-maniacal action. It is prescribed at maniacal and hypomaniacal states of various genesis, affective psychoses, alcoholism, migraine, Menyer's syndrome, sexual frustration, medicinal dependence.
Cymbalta drug possesses a central mechanism of suppression of a pain syndrome that first of all can be noticed at increase in a threshold of painful sensitivity at pain syndrome of neuropathic etiology.
Forxiga is the drug produced in the form of tablets. Tablets belong to SGLT2 inhibitors. Its main purpose is to reduce the level of blood sugar. It helps the kidney to remove glucose from the organism and excrete it during urination. It also helps to lose weight. Patients use the tablets to treat type II diabetes and get rid of the additional weight that is the result of the health disorder. The drug can be taken alone as a monotherapy or as an additional treatment. It doesn’t fit people with diabetes I.
The oral hypoglycemic agent, which stimulates insulin release from functioning beta cells of the pancreas. Used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 under the ineffectiveness of diet, weight loss and physical activity.
Zyvox is a synthetic medicine with the increased antibacterial effectiveness. It is mostly used in the treatment of pulmonary and skin diseases caused by a wide range of Gram-positive species. In current medicinal practice, Zyvox often plays a role of the drug of last resort, since it is intended for use in people suffering from multidrug-resistant infections. The extremely high efficiency of this medicine makes it a popular choice in the treatment of severe bacterial infections and simultaneously limits its use against low-hazard infections in order to avoid propagation of resistant microorganisms.
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic of bacteriostatic action. In high concentrations and relatively high-sensitivity microorganisms may have a bactericidal effect.
Zithromax - antibiotic of a wide spectrum of action. Antibiotic-azalide, a representative of a new subgroup of macrolide antibiotics. In the focus of inflammation it has a bactericidal effect. For the active ingredient of Zithromax, Azithromycin, all the gram-positive cocci (except those bacteria which are resistant to erythromycin) are susceptible.
Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic antibiotic of a broad spectrum of tetracyclines. Causes bacteriostatic action by suppressing protein synthesis of pathogens as a result of blocking the aminoacyl transport RNA (tRNA) with the "information RNA (rRNA) complex" ribosome.
Hyzaar - complex hypertensia medicine. A hydrochlorothiazide - Thiazide diuretic of average force and losartan - hypotensive drug which is specific blocker angiotensin II (AT1 type) of receptors. Does not suppress a kinase II - enzyme destroying bradykinin.
A tricyclic antidepressant with a relatively short latency period. It has almost no sedative effect. therapeutical indications include: depressive phases of a manic-depressive psychosis, all other forms of endogenous depression (reactive and neurotic). In combination with amitriptyline it is used for depressions that occurred during treatment with reserpine. In combination with neuroleptics, it is used in the treatment of depression that developed during treatment of schizophrenic psychoses.
The drug is an inhibitor of the enzyme peptidyl. It inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Inhibition of ACE leads to reduced concentrations of angiotensin II, resulting in low aldosterone secretion. The decrease in the latter leads to an increase in the content of potassium in the blood serum. Since the mechanism is believed to be based on the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, it reduces blood pressure even in patients with hypertension with low renin levels.
Zantac - ranitidin - the drug is intended for the treatment of duodenal ulcers, benign gastric ulcer, postoperative ulcer, reflux esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, epigastric or chest pain. The administration of ranitidine is indicated in cases where a decrease in gastric secretion and a decrease in the production of hydrochloric acid is desirable, for the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding, for the prevention of recurrence of bleeding in patients with bleeding ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, before general anesthesia in patients with a presumed risk of aspiration of acidic stomach contents (Mendelssohn syndrome), especially in women during childbirth delivery clashes.
The drug is a prodrug and is activated in the acidic environment of the secretory tubules in the parietal cells. It reduces basal and stimulated secretion regardless of the nature of the stimulus. Prescribed in case of erosive ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and eradication of Helicobacter pylori in infected patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer.
Topamax - the remedy with an active ingredient: topiramate, it is used as a monotherapy for the treatment of adults and children 6 years of age with partial attacks with or without secondary generalized seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures; as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of adults and children 2 years of age with partial attacks with or without secondary generalized seizures or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and the treatment of attacks associated with Lennox-Gasto syndrome; to prevent migraine attacks in adults, after careful evaluation of alternative treatment options. Topiramate is not recommended for the treatment of acute conditions.
Hytrin refers to the group of pharmaceutical products intended to cure the sexual/urinary maladies and sex hormone medical preparations. Its composition includes Terazozin - a medical mean for the normalization of the prostate gland in benign hypertrophy.
Avodart – special medical remedy, also named Dutasteride, refers to urological drugs. A considerable number of men who are at the age of fifty and older address a urologist for the occurrence of a micturition disorder due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Avodart capsules help to overcome this malady.
Pirfenex shows anti- fibrosing and anti-inflammatory properties in many systems in vitro and in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis (the fibrosis induced by bleomycin and transplantation). Assigned to adults suffering the idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis.
Xalatan is a chemical analog of the hormone prostaglandin. It is a topical agent available in the form of eye drops with a concentration of latanoprost 50 mcg/ml. Its mode of action is similar to the one of its natural equivalent – the drug increases the flow of intraocular fluid from the hypertensive eyeball. As a result, the pressure in the eyeball slowly decreases. Since this symptom frequently accompanies various eye diseases, Xalatan is often prescribed in combination with other medicines. Today, this drug is among the high-priority agents in the treatment of such an ubiquitous disease as glaucoma.
Azulfidine - a medicine with antimicrobic and antiinflammatory properties. It is taken at ulcer colitis, an ulcer proctitis, a pseudorheumatism, Crohn's disease. After reception Sulfasalazinum - it is observed the normal intestinal microflora, and as result of the molecule of active ingredient breaks up to compound components: sulphapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. These substances have antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity. Antiinflammatory effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid thanks to low ability to absorption is defined generally in walls of a large intestine. Sulphapyridine has generally systemic antiinflammatory effect due to better absorption.
Baclofen is a central muscle relaxant. It is assigned if the patient is diagnosed with spasticity in multiple sclerosis, strokes, craniocerebral trauma, meningitis, spinal diseases (infectious, degenerative, tumor and traumatic genesis), with infantile cerebral palsy; alcoholism
Blocker of H1-histamine receptors, also expresses antimuscarinic and antiserotonin activity. Anti-allergic effect is most vivid in respect of itching dermatoses. Used symptomatically during allergic reactions.
Deltasone - renders an antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antishock and immunodepressive effect. It is taken for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of joints, acute asthma, allergic diseases, skin diseases.